String handling in C++

String manipulation:

• In the ‘C++’ language, the group of characters, digits, and symbols enclosed within quotation marks are called as a string, otherwise, strings are an array of characters.
• The string is nothing but, it is a collection of characters or words.

         For example, The word is Whereisstuff
         Here, w, h, e, r, e, i, s, t, u, f, f such as characters and Whereisstuff as a string

• The null character (‘\0’) is used to mark the end of the string. 

Syntax:

char name[]=”String”; //initialization

or

char name[Set maximum length of the string];//declaration

Example:

char name[]=”whereisstuff”;

or

char name[20];

String handling function:

Most widely used functions are,

1. The strlen() function:

• It is used to count and return the number of characters presents.

Syntax:

Variable_name=strlen(string);

Example program strlen():

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

void main()

{

char a[30];

char b[]="whereisstuff";

int len=strlen(a);

clrscr();

cout<<"\n Enter a string: ";

cin>>a;

cout<<"\n The length of "<<a<<" string is: "<<len;

cout<<"\n String length of  "<<b<<"  is : "<<strlen(b);

getch();

}

Output:

2. The strcpy() function:

• It is used to copy the content of one string to another and it almost works like a string assignment operator.

Syntax:

strcpy(string1,string2);

Example program strcpy():

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

void main()

{

char str1[30];

char str2[]="whereisstuff";

clrscr();

strcpy(str1,str2);

cout<<"\n Original string is "<<str2;

cout<<"\n Copied string is "<<str1;

getch();

}

Output:

3. The strcat() function:

• It is used to concatenate or combine, two strings together and forms a new string.

Syntax:

strcat(string1,string2);

Example program strcat():

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

void main()

{

char str1[]="whereisstuff";

char str2[]=".com";

clrscr();

cout<<"\n String1 is : "<< str1;

cout<<"\n String2 is : "<< str2;

cout<<"\n Concatenate string is "<< strcat(str1,str2);

getch();

}

Output:

4. The strcmp() function:

• It is used to compare two strings to find out whether they are the same or different.

Syntax:

strcmp(string1,string2);

Example program strcmp():

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

void main()

{

char str1[20],str2[20];

clrscr();

cout<<"\n  Enter two string: ";

cin>>str1>>str2;

if (strcmp(str1,str2)==0)

{

cout<<"\n Compared string is right because 

two strings are the same case.";

}

else

{

cout<<"\n Compared string is wrong because

 two strings are different case";

}

getch();

}

Output:

if condition:

else condition:

5. The strrev() function;

• It is used to reverse a string.

Syntax:

strrev(string);

Example program strrev():

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

void main()

{

char str1[20];

clrscr();

          cout<<"\n Enter a string: ";

          cin>>str1;

cout<<"\n The reversed string is "<<strrev(str1);

getch();

}

Output:

6. The strlwr() function:

• It is used to convert a string into lower cases (small letters).

Syntax:

strlwr(string);

Example program strlwr():

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

void main()

{

char str1[20];

clrscr();

          cout<<"\n  Enter a string in capital letters:  ";

          cin>>str1;

cout<<"\n Lower string is "<< strlwr(str1);

getch();

}

Output:

7. The strupr() function:

• It is used to convert a string into upper case(capital letters).

Syntax:

strupr(string);

Example program strupr():

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

void main()

{

char str1[20];

clrscr();

          cout<<"\n  Enter a string in small letters ";

          cin>>str1;

cout<<"\n Upper string is "<<strupr(str1);

getch();

}

Output:

8. The stricmp() function:

• It is used to compare two strings, no difference between small and capital letters.

Syntax:

stricmp(string1,string2);

Example program stricmp():

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

void main()

{

char str1[20],str2[20];

clrscr();

          cout<<"\n  Enter two string: ";

          cin>>str1,>>str2;

          if (stricmp(str1,str2)==0)

          {

          cout<<"\n Compared string is right because 

two strings are the same.";

          }

          else

          {

           cout<<"\n Compared string is wrong because 

two strings are different.";

          }

getch();

}

Output:

if condition:

else condition:

Share: