Introductions of C++ language

Introduction:

• C ++ language proposed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at Bell Labs. 
• It is middle level object-oriented programming language.
• Initially, the C++ language is called ‘C with classes’ later changed to c++.
• The C++ extension is .cpp
• C ++ is bottom up approach.
• It is used to create system applications like games, drivers, and so on.

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Why c++ is required?

• The C++ program is updated versions of C language.
• Bjarne Stroustrup wanted an efficient and flexible language similar to C that also provided high-level features for program developers.
• In C language graphics does not support in the program, for the reason for C++ found.

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Basic structure of C++:

Syntax:

1. //Command line
   <header files>
   {class definition};
   main function()
   {
   variable declaration
   I/O operation
   }
   {user defined function}

Example:

1. #include<iostream.h>
   #include<conio.h>
   void main()
   {
   int a,b,c;
   clrscr();
   cout<<"\n Enter a and b value : ";
   cin>>a>>b;
   c=a+b;
   cout<<"\n Addition of a and b value is:"<<c;
   getch();
   }

Program explanation:

• # - It’s called pre-processor and used to replace the values in variables.
• include -  It’s used to adding header files and user programs.
• iostream.h  - Standard input and output stream header file(it holds cout and cin of library files).
• conio.h - Stands for console input and output header file(used in old MS-DOS compilers to create text user interfaces and it holds clrscr() and getch() libraries).
• void main() - Main part.
• int – Datatype.
• a,b,c – Variables.
• clrscr() – Refresh output screen.
• cout – Used to display the user entered details.
• \n – It is used to go to next line(enter process in keyboard)on the output screen.
• cin – Used to get the value from the user and put it into the memory location.
• c=a+b – Addition process and stored result in c variable.
• getch() – Used to hold the output screen and wait until the user gives any type of input(i.e until the user press any key).

Output:

Output process in the backend:

Output backend process explanation:

Step 1: Write source code that is your program (refer above example program).

Step 2: Pre-processor.

• For example,
•  a and b value is 10 and 4 then pre-processor replace the values.
• cin<<10<<4;

Step 3: Complier (convert the English language to machine level language).

• To check the error and convert machine-level code (i.e. 0’s and 1’s).

Step 4: Assembler.

• After checking an error then it shows on screen.
• So we want to convert machine level language to human-readable language. (0’s and 1’s to normal text).

Step 5: loader and linker.

• Adding header files and pre-processor program.

Step 6: Final output.

Note:

Class and user define function will deeply discuss.

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