Python GUI

Python Tkinter

Tkinter is Python’s standard GUI package. When combined python with Tkinter provides a fast and easy way to create GUI applications. Tkinter provides a powerful object-oriented interface to the Tk GUI toolkit.

Syntax:

 import tkinter as short_name
 variable_name = alise_name.Tk()  
 variable_name.title("Title")

 variable_name.mainloop()  

Example

import tkinter as tk

T= tk.Tk() 

T.title("tk") 

T.mainloop()  

Output:

Tkinter widgets

1.Label:

The Label is used to display a text or image.

Syntax:

tk.Label(tkinter_variable_name,options)

2.Entry:

The Entry is used to type a text.

Syntax:

tk.Entry(tkinter_variable_name,options)

3.Button:

The Button widget is used to trigger any actions. These actions can be navigating to another form, interaction with the dialog box, perform display operations, etc. 

Syntax:

tk.Button(tkinter_variable_name,options)

Tkinter Geometry

The Tkinter geometry is used to displaying widgets like button, list, Checkbox and so on. If set Tkinter size using geometry method : 

Syntax:

     tkinter_variable_name.geometry("widh x hight")

Example:

     

     T.geometry("100x100")

1. pack() method:

1. A pack() is used for displaying labels,buttons,etc in Tkinter.
2. Options: Side='left', Side='right', Side='bottom',Side='top'.
3. The default pack method aligns in the center.

Syntax:

widget_variable_name.pack(options)
Example:   

 L.pack(Side='RIGHT')

 B.pack()

Example Program:

import tkinter as tk

T= tk.Tk()  

B1 =tk.Button(T, text = "Addition", fg = "red")  

B1.pack( side = 'left')  

B2=tk. Button(T, text = "Subtraction", fg = "black")  

B2.pack( side ='right')

  

B3=tk. Button(T, text = "Multiplication", fg = "blue")  

B3.pack( side = 'top')  

B4=tk. Button(T, text = "Division", fg = "green")  

B4.pack( side = 'bottom') 

T.mainloop()  

Output:

2. grid() method:

The grid() method organizes the widgets in the tabular form. We can specify the rows and columns as the options in the method call.

Syntax:
widget_variable_name.grid(row=value,column=value)

Example:

L.grid(row=0,column=0)

Example Program:

import tkinter as tk

T = tk.Tk()  

tk.Label(T,text = "Name").grid(row = 0, column = 0)  

e1 =tk.Entry(T)

e1.grid(row = 0, column = 1)  

tk.Label(T,text = "Password").grid(row = 1, column = 0)  

e2 = tk.Entry(T)

e2.grid(row = 1, column = 1)  

b= tk.Button(T, text = "Submit").grid(row = 4, column = 0)  


T.mainloop()  

Output:

Output Explanation:

3.place() method

The place() geometry manager organizes the widgets to the specific x and y coordinates.

Syntax:

widget_variable_name.place(x=value,y=value)

Example:

L.place(x=30,y=50)
Example Program:

import tkinter as tk

T =tk.Tk()  

T.geometry("400x250")  

l1 = tk.Label(text = "Student Roll No").place(x = 30,y = 50)  

l2 = tk.Label(text = "Student name").place(x = 30, y = 90)  

l3 = tk.Label(T, text = "Student age").place(x = 30, y = 130)  

e1 = tk.Entry(T).place(x = 120, y = 50)  

e2 = tk.Entry(T).place(x = 120, y = 90)  

e3 = tk.Entry(T).place(x = 120, y = 130)  

T.mainloop()  

Output:

Output Explanation:

Example for label,button and entry widgets:

import tkinter as tk 

T = tk.Tk()

# display lables 

tk.Label(T, text="First number").grid(row=0, column=0) 

tk.Label(T, text="Second Number").grid(row=1, column=0)

tk.Label(T, text="Result").grid(row=2, column=0)

# Display entry fields

e1 = tk.Entry(T)  

e2 = tk.Entry(T) e1.grid(row=0, column=1)

e2.grid(row=1, column=1)

def display(): 

    a=int(e1.get())

    b=int(e2.get())

    tot=a+b

    tk.Label(T, text=str(tot)).grid(row=2, column=1)

# end of display function 

# button to display 

button1=tk.Button(T, text="Add", bg="green", command=display) 

button1.grid(row=5, column=1) 

T.mainloop()  

Output:

Output Explanation:

4.CheckBox:

The Checkbox widget is used to generate a click event for the Select or choose in the lists. 

Example:

import tkinter as tk

T = tk.Tk()

T.geometry('300x300')

#display label 

l = tk.Label(T, bg='white', width=50, text='Choose wanted course')

l.pack()

def selection():

    if (var1.get() == 1) & (var2.get() == 0):

        l.config(text='You are choosed Python course')

    elif (var1.get() == 0) & (var2.get() == 1):

        l.config(text='You are choosed Java course')

    elif (var1.get() == 0) & (var2.get() == 0):

        l.config(text='I do not want anything')

    else:        
        l.config(text='You are choosed both')

#display checkbox 

var1 = tk.IntVar()

var2 = tk.IntVar()

c1 = tk.Checkbutton(T, text='Python',variable=var1, onvalue=1, offvalue=0,
command=selection)

c1.pack()

c2 = tk.Checkbutton(T, text='Java',variable=var2, onvalue=1, offvalue=0,
command=selection)

c2.pack()

T.mainloop()

Program Explanations:

Step1: Import tkinter
Step2: Set label
Step3: Definitions of function Step4: IntVar()
The IntVar() function used to assign initial values for checkbox ,i.e. off and on operation. So this function contains two values. Zero and One (0 and 1).
Step5: Display Checkbox

Output:

Output Explanation:

4.Radio Button:

The Radio button widget is used to select a single item from a predefined list of options. 
Example:

import tkinter as tk

T = tk.Tk()
T.geometry("300x150")
l1 = tk.Label(text = "Select your gender")  
l1.pack()
Var1 = tk.IntVar() 
def selection():  
   selection = "You selected the option " + str(Var1.get())  
   l2.config(text = selection)
R1 = tk.Radiobutton(T, text="Male", variable=Var1, value=1,  
                  command=selection)  
R1.pack( anchor = 'w' )  
R2 = tk.Radiobutton(T, text="Female", variable=Var1, value=2,  
                  command=selection)  
R2.pack( anchor = 'w' )    
R3 = tk.Radiobutton(T, text="Others", variable=Var1, value=3,  
                  command=selection)  
R3.pack( anchor = 'w')  
l2 = tk.Label(T)  
l2.pack()  
T.mainloop()  

Output:

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