Python - Operators

Operators:

• Operators are symbols and used to perform some mathematics operations.
• There are 6 kinds of operators,

1.Arithmetic operators: 

• This is normal mathematic operations such as,

S.No	Operator	Expression	Example	Result
1.	+	Addition	If a=10 and b=5 then a+b=10+5	15
2.	-	Subtraction	If a=10 and b=5 then a-b=10-5	5
3.	*	Multiplication	If a=10 and b=5 then a*b=10*5	50
4.	/	Division	If a=10 and b=5 then a/b=10/5	2
5.	%	Modulo	If a=10 and b=5 then a%b=10%5	0.05
6.	**	Power	If a=5 then a**2	25
7.	//	Floor division	If a=10 and b=5 then a//b=7//5	1

Example program for the arithmetic operator:

1. a,b=input("Enter a and b value : ").split()
   print("Add of "+a+" and "+b+" value is : ",int(a)+int(b))
   print("Sub of "+a+" and "+b+" value is : ",int(a)-int(b))
   print("Mul of "+a+" and "+b+" value is : ",int(a)*int(b))
   print("Div of "+a+" and "+b+" value is : ",int(a)/int(b))
   print("Mod of "+a+" and "+b+" value is : ",int(a)%int(b))
   print("Floor divisions of "+a+" and "+b+" value is : ",int(a)//int(b))
   print(a+" power 3 value is : ",int(a)**3)

Output:

2. Relational Operators:

• It is used to compare two or more data.

Note:

• These logical operators mostly used in conditions.

3. Logical Operators:

• It is used to combine simple relational statements into more complex expressions.
  

S.No	Operator	Expression	Example	Result
1.	and	Both expressions should be true	If  a=11,b=10 and c=12 then a>b and a>c	False
2.	or	One expression should be true	If  a=11,b=10 and c=12 then a>b or a>c	True
3.	not	Both expression false then return true	If  a=5,b=10 and c=12 then a>b not a>c	True

4. Assignment Operators:

• These operators are used to getting the result in the same variable(input/output).

Example program for the assignment operator:

1. sal=int(input("Enter basic salary : "))

   sal+=5000

   print("Bouns with basic salary : ",sal)

Output:

5. Bitwise Operators:

• It is used to manipulate the data at a bit level and it operates on integer only.

                                                                                  Binary table

Bitwise AND(&):

• The truth table for ‘ & ‘is shown below(It means True=1 and false=0.)

a=7 of binary code:0111

b=8 of the binary code is:1000

The result of the a&a value is 0000(i.e 0).

Example program for the bitwise AND operator:

1. p,q=input("Enter two values : ").split()

   r=int(p)&int(q)

   print("Bitwise AND of p&q value is : ",r)

Output:

Bitwise OR(|):

• The truth table for ‘ | ‘is shown below

a=7 of binary code:0111

b=8 of the binary code is:1000

The result of a|b value is 1111(i.e 15).

Example program for the bitwise OR operator:

1. p,q=input("Enter two values : ").split()

   r=int(p)|int(q)

   print("Bitwise OR of p|q value is : ",r)

Output:

Bitwise Exclusive OR(^):

• The truth table for ‘ ^ ‘is shown below

a=13 of binary code:1101

b=8 of the binary code is:1000

The result of a^b value is 0101(i.e 5).

Example program for the bitwise Exclusive OR operator:

1. p,q=input("Enter two values : ").split()

   r=int(p)^int(q)

   print("Bitwise Exclusive-OR of p^q value is : ",r)

Output:

Bitwise Shift left (<<):

• The bitwise shift left operator is used to move the bits from right to left in storage.
• Each box called bits and a=6 and a<<1 then a=12.

Explanation:

Result: a of left shit value is 12.

Example program for the bitwise shift left operator:

1. a=int(input("Enter a values : "))

   r=a<<1

   print("Bitwise left shit of a value is: ",r)

Output:

Bitwise Shift right(>>):

• The shit right is similar to the left shit.
• This operator is used to forward the bits from left to right in storage.
• For example, If a=6 and a>>1 then its value is 3.

Explanation:

Result: a of right shit value is 3.

Example program for the bitwise shift right operator:

1. a=int(input("Enter a values : "))

   r=a>>1

   print("Bitwise right shit of a value is: ",r)

Output:

Bitwise One's complement(~) or NOT:

• The truth table for ‘ ~ ‘is shown below

If a=6(binary code is 0110),

and ~a(0111) value is 7. 
Using a negative signature for one's complement(~a=-7).

Example program for the bitwise one's complement operator:

1. p=int(input("Enter a values : "))

   r=~p

   print("Bitwise NOT of ~p value is: ",r)

Output:

6. Special operators:

Python language provides some special type of operators like identity operator and membership operator.

(i) Identity operator:

• An identity operator is used to checking both are equal or not equal.

Operator	Description	Example	Result
is	If both values are the same then return true.	If a=4 and b=5 then a is b	False
is not	If both values are not the same then return true.	If a=4 and b=5 then a is not  b	True

(ii) Membership operator:

• An identity operator is used to checking a given value is present in a list or words.

Operator	Description	Example	Result
in	If the values are present in the given list or anything then return true.	If a=” Hello” then ‘l’ in a	True
not in	If the values are not present not in the given list or anything then return true.	If a=” Hello” then ‘i’ in a	True

Example program for the special operator:

1. x=int(input("Enter x value: "))

   y=int(input("Enter y value: "))

   z=input("Enter any word: ")

   print("x is equal to y: ",x is y)

   print("x is not equal to y: ",x is not y)

   print("Character \'a\' in "+z+" : ",'a' in z)

   print("Character \'p\' not in "+z+" : ",'a' not in z)

Output:

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