Operators in C++ language

Operators:

• Operators are symbols and used to perform some mathematics operations.
• There are 6 kinds of operators,

1.Arithmetic operators: 

• This is normal mathematic operations such as,

Example program for the arithmetic operator:

#include<iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>
 void main()
 {
    int a,b;
    clrscr();
    cout<<"\n Enter a and b value:";
    cin>>a>>b;
    cout<<"\n Addition value is:"<<(a+b);
    cout<<"\n Subtraction value is:"<<(a-b);
    cout<<"\n Multiplication value is:"<<(a*b);
    cout<<"\n Division value is:"<<(a/b);
    cout<<"\n Modulo value is:"<<(a%b);
    cout<<"\n a++ value is:"<<a++;
    cout<<"\n b-- value is:"<<a--;
   getch();
}

Output:

2. Relational Operators:

• It is used to compare two or more data.

Note:

• These logical operators mostly used in conditions.

3. Logical Operators:

• It is used to combine simple relational statements into more complex expressions. 

4. Assignment Operators:

• These operators are used to getting the result in the same variable(input/output).

Example program for the assignment operator:

 #include<stdio.h>

 #include <conio.h>
 void main()
 {
    int a;
    clrscr();
    cout<<"Enter a  value:";
    cin>>a;
    a+=20;
    cout<<"a value is:"<<a; 
   getch();
}

Output:

5. Conditional Operators (? :)

• It checks itself the condition and executes the statement depending on the condition.

Syntax:

Condition?exp1:exp2;

Example program for the conditional operator:

#include<iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

 void main() 

 { 

    int a=5,b=3,big;

    clrscr();

big=a>b?a:b;

  cout<<"\n Biggest value is: "<<big;

  getch();

  }

Output:

6. Bitwise Operators:

• It is used to manipulate the data at a bit level and it operates on integer only.

                                                                                  Binary table

Bitwise AND(&):

• The truth table for ‘ & ‘is shown below(It means True=1 and false=0.)

a=7 of binary code:0111

b=8 of the binary code is:1000

The result of the a&a value is 0000(i.e 0).

Example program for the bitwise AND operator:

#include <iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main() {

                   unsigned int a;

                   unsigned int b;

                   int c = 0;         

                   clrscr();

                   cout<<"\n Enter a and b value : ";

                   cin>>a>>b;

                   c = a&b;    

                   cout<<"\n Bitwise AND of a&b value is:"<<c;

                   getch();

 }

Output:

Bitwise OR(|):

• The truth table for ‘ | ‘is shown below

a=7 of binary code:0111

b=8 of the binary code is:1000

The result of a|b value is 1111(i.e 15).

Example program for the bitwise OR operator:

#include <iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
                   unsigned int a;
                   unsigned int b;
                   int c = 0;         
                   clrscr();
                   cout<<"\n Enter a and b value : ";
                   cin>>a>>b;
                   c =a|b;       
                   cout<<"\n Bitwise OR of a|b value is: "<<c;
                   getch();
 }

Output:

Bitwise Exclusive OR(^):

• The truth table for ‘ ^ ‘is shown below

a=13 of binary code:1101

b=8 of the binary code is:1000

The result of a^b value is 0101(i.e 5).

Example program for the bitwise Exclusive OR operator:

#include <iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
                   unsigned int a;
                   unsigned int b;
                   int c = 0;         
                   clrscr();
                   cout<<"\n Enter a and b value : ";
                   cin>>a>>b;
                    c =a^b;       
                   cout<<"\n Bitwise Exclusive OR of a^b value is: "<<c;
                   getch();
 }

Output:

Bitwise Shift left (<<):

• The bitwise shift left operator is used to move the bits from right to left in storage.
• Each box called bits and a=6 and a<<1 then a=12.

Explanation:

Result: a of left shit value is 12.

Example program for the bitwise shift left operator:

#include <iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
                   unsigned int a;
                   int c = 0;         
                   clrscr();
                   cout<<"\n Enter a  value : ";
                   cin>>a;
                   c =a<<1;    
                   cout<<"\n Bitwise left shit of a value is: "<< c;
                   getch();
}

Output:

Bitwise Shift right(>>):

• The shit right is similar to the left shit.
• This operator is used to forward the bits from left to right in storage.
• For example, If a=6 and a>>2 then its value is 3.

Explanation:

Result: a of right shit value is 3.



Example program for the bitwise shift right operator:

#include <iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
                   unsigned int a;
                   int c = 0;         
                   clrscr();
                   cout<<"\n Enter a  value : ";
                   cin>>a;
                   c =a>>1;    
                   cout<<"\n Bitwise right shit of a value is: "<< c;
                   getch();
}

Output:

Bitwise One's complement(~):

• The truth table for ‘ ~ ‘is shown below

If a=6(binary code is 0110),

 and ~a(0111) value is 7. 

using a negative signature for one's complement(~a=-7).

Example program for the bitwise one's complement operator:

#include <iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
                   unsigned int a;
                   int c = 0;         
                   clrscr();
                   cout<<"\n Enter a  value : ";
                   cin>>a;
                   c =~a;    
                   cout<<"\n Bitwise one\'s complement of a value is: "<< c;
                   getch();
}

Output:

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