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CodeIgniter MVC Framework

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What is CodeIgniter MVC Framework?

CodeIgniter is a lightweight PHP framework that follows the MVC (Model–View–Controller) architectural pattern.

It helps you organize your application code by separating:

Model → Handles data & database logic.
View → Handles the presentation (HTML/CSS/JS).
Controller → Handles requests and coordinates between Model & View.

CodeIgniter Folder Structure

When you install CodeIgniter 4, your main app code lives in app/ directory:

app/
 ├── Controllers/
 ├── Models/
 ├── Views/

How MVC Works in CodeIgniter

User visits a URL → Controller is triggered.
Controller calls the Model for data.
Model returns data to the Controller.
Controller sends data to a View.
View displays the data in a browser.

Example: Displaying a Product List

1. Model

app/Models/ProductModel.php

Example

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use CodeIgniter\Model;

class ProductModel extends Model

{

protected $table = 'products';

protected $allowedFields = ['name', 'price', 'description'];

}

Purpose: Fetches product data from the database.

2. Controller

app/Controllers/Product.php

Example

<?php

namespace App\Controllers;

use App\Models\ProductModel;

class Product extends BaseController

{

public function index()

{

$productModel = new ProductModel();

$data['products'] = $productModel->findAll();

return view('products_list', $data);

}

Purpose: Loads product data from ProductModel and passes it to the view.

3. View

app/Views/products_list.php

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Product List</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Our Products</h1>

<ul>

<?php foreach($products as $product): ?>

<?php endforeach; ?>

</ul>

</body>

</html>

Purpose: Displays the product list.

Routing to the Controller

app/Config/Routes.php

$routes->get('products', 'Product::index');

Flow Diagram of MVC in CodeIgniter

Browser → Controller → Model → Controller → View → Browser

Advantages of MVC in CodeIgniter

Clear separation of logic and presentation.
Easier to maintain and scale.
Reusable components.
Supports clean URLs via routing.

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